31 U.S.C. 1341, 1342, and 1517 combined are the cornerstone of which Act?

31 U.S.C. 1341, 1342, and 1517 combined are the cornerstone of which Act?

• A. Civil Rights Act
• B. Budget and Accounting Act
• C. Anti-Deficiency Act
• D. Federal Claims Collection Act

Answer: (C)

The Anti-Deficiency Act governs how federal funds are obligated and spent. Sections 1341 and 1342 strictly prohibit making or authorizing obligations or expenditures that exceed what is actually available in appropriations, and they also forbid entering into obligations in advance of appropriations. Section 1517 strengthens this framework by outlining penalties and enforcement for violations. Together, these provisions establish the framework that prevents incrementally spending beyond appropriations, ensures accountability, and punishes improper commitments. That combination is why it is considered the cornerstone of the Act.

The Anti-Deficiency Act governs how federal funds are obligated and spent. Sections 1341 and 1342 strictly prohibit making or authorizing obligations or expenditures that exceed what is actually available in appropriations, and they also forbid entering into obligations in advance of appropriations. Section 1517 strengthens this framework by outlining penalties and enforcement for violations. Together, these provisions establish the framework that prevents incrementally spending beyond appropriations, ensures accountability, and punishes improper commitments. That combination is why it is considered the cornerstone of the Act.